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In China revolutionary opera refers to the model operas () planned and engineered during the Cultural Revolution by Jiang Qing, the wife of Chairman Mao Zedong.〔 〕 They were considered revolutionary and modern in terms of thematic and musical features when compared with traditional operas. Many of them were adapted to film. Originally, eight revolutionary operas were produced, eighteen by the end of the period. Instead of the "emperors, kings, generals, chancellors, maidens, and beauties" (''diwang jiangxiang yahuan xiaojie'') of the traditional Peking opera, which was banned as "feudalistic and bourgeois," they told stories from China's recent revolutionary struggles against foreign and class enemies. They glorified the People's Liberation Army and the bravery of the common people, and showed Mao Zedong and his thought as playing the central role in the victory of socialism in China. Although they originated as operas, they soon appeared on LPs, in comic books, on posters, postcards, and stamps; on plates, teapots, wash basins, cigarette packages, vases, and calendars. They were performed or blasted from loudspeakers in schools, factories, and fields by special performing troupes. 〔Barbara Mittler, ""Eight Stage Works for 800 Million People": The Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution in Music — A View from Revolutionary Opera." ''The Opera Quarterly'' 26, no. 2 (2010): 377. () (accessed April 30, 2013).〕 The Eight Model Operas dominated the stage in all parts of the country during these years, leading to the joke "Eight hundred million people watched eight shows." (''Bayi ren kan bage xi''). 〔Paul Clark. ''The Chinese Cultural Revolution: A History.'' (Cambridge; New York: Cambridge University Press, 2008). ISBN 9780521875158 p. 2.〕 ==Origin== Jiang Qing was the chief advocate and engineer of the transformation from traditional opera to revolutionary opera, and chose the Peking opera as her "laboratory experimentation" for accomplishing this radical change in theater art.〔 Traditional Beijing opera was revolutionized in both form and content. Eight ''yangbanxi'', or model operas, were produced in the first three years of the Cultural Revolution. They consisted of six modern operas: * ''The Legend of the Red Lantern''（红灯记） * ''Shajiabang'' (沙家浜) * ''Taking Tiger Mountain by Strategy''（智取威虎山） * ''Raid on the White Tiger Regiment'' (奇袭白虎团) * ''Ode of the Dragon River'' (龙江颂) * ''On the Dock'' (海港) and two ballets: * ''Red Detachment of Women'' (红色娘子军) * ''The White-Haired Girl'' (白毛女) After 1969 several other model operas were produced, including ''Azalea Mountain'', ''Battle in the Plains'', and ''Bay of Panshi'', following the original model in content and form. However it was the original eight plays that were most commonly performed.〔 The new revolutionary theatrical forms were praised as "shining victories" of the Cultural Revolution and Mao Zedong Thought. An article published in the ''Red Flag'' journal under a pen name stated, "The glorious achievement of revolutionary operas marked a revolution in art by the proletariat. It is the major component of our country's proletarian cultural revolution. . . . In the series of revolutionary model operas nurtured by beloved Comrade Jiang Qing, the image of proletarian heroes is established; the stage that has been controlled by landlords and representatives of the bourgeoisie for the past thousand years is now gone. The real master of history has entered the field of art and started a new era in the history of art".〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「revolutionary opera」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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